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USA: (1) 305 400 1476
USA: (1) 305 400 1476 
Anti-ageing medicine, a specialty in which healthcare providers typically see patients in stand-alone clinics, has grown exponentially over the last five years. Anti-ageing medicine is difficult to characterise in uniform terms, but its essential mission, as expressed by the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M), is ‘to detect, prevent, and treat aging-related disease and to promote research into methods to retard and optimise the human aging process.
With advancing age there is an inevitable AND progressive increase in debilitating and painful diseases; thus, aging and its associated diseases represent an enormous cost to the health system and, as the problem will obviously grow, there is a need to find the mechanisms responsible for aging and develop new therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling it. Frailty is a clinical entity independent of the patient's morbidity and disability, it increases with age and has been defined as a systematic and progressive decline in physiological reserves and an increase in vulnerability to minor stressors (1); its main clinical manifestations are flaccidity and reduction of muscle mass and strength, slowing of mobility, reduction of physical activity and fatigue, among others, becoming an important predisposing factor to falls, disabilities and hospitalizations of elderly people. Due to the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of stem cells, regenerative medicine has aroused much interest as an option to repair the damage caused by frailty syndrome. The safety of allogeneic stem cells, from young donors or from umbilical cords, has already been validated in numerous preclinical and clinical studies on senile frailty (2).
At the end of 2017, a controlled safety and efficacy study was published in frail patients treated with stem cells. The safety of the procedure and improvement in walking distance at six minutes, lung function tests, cognition and the physical component of quality of life were confirmed, and the concentrations of some markers of inflammation were reduced (3 ).
A recent publication (year 2019) made a systematic review of the phenomena that determine frailty, the fundamentals of the use of stem cells in this condition and the clinical trials that evaluate the treatment of frailty with stem cells. Based on reports from 5 completed or ongoing clinical studies, which have included 208 patients between 55 and 96 years of age, monitored for approximately 12 months, the authors conclude: "Frailty urgently requires attention. Stem cell therapy stem cells has great potential since, although challenges remain, a single intravenous infusion of allogeneic stem cells has proven to be safe, well tolerated and effective and for the modulation of immunity and inflammation, it shows a tendency to improve physical functions and quality of life. life" (4).
It is interesting to mention that in a symposium of the National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the United States, aimed at analyzing the problem of senile frailty in clinical practice, the role of stem cells in frailty was discussed. Stem cell dysfunction was identified as one of the biological targets linked to aging and, therefore, should be the object of intervention in the prevention or treatment of frailty (5). These recommendations are supported by a recent review showing that stem cells have properties capable of controlling or reversing many of the biochemical phenomena that cause frailty.
Although the authors acknowledge that there is a need to improve the level of clinical evidence, based on the data presented in this review, the modulation of chronic inflammation by stem cells is a promising strategy to prevent and delay not only frailty, but also some other clinical conditions frequently associated with it, such as chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoarthritis (6).
Anti-aging therapies seek to delay the degeneration of the skin and its support system. As aging progresses, the elasticity of the skin is reduced. to changes in the thickness of the skin and the organization of collagen and solar elastosis results in folds and wrinkles in the skin.
Extrinsic effects such as photoaging also contribute significantly to changes in skin aesthetics through the induction of irregular pigmentation. dyschromia and wrinkles.
Collagen remodeling represents an effective target for antiaging therapies. Laser treatment can induce collagen remodeling by promoting synthesis. type I and III collagen. In addition to laser treatment, cytokines and growth factors may affect collagen remodeling through their effects on dermal fibroblasts. Given the ability of cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β to promote collagen synthesis and turnover, stem cells capable of producing these factors may hold promise for anti-aging therapies.
Another important consideration to take into account when incorporating stem cells into cosmetic procedures is the effect of age on the cells themselves. Stem cells are not immune to the aging process and their function is strictly regulated by the environment around them, known as the stem cell. niche. The hematopoietic system provides the best evidence for the role that the local environment plays in guiding stem maintenance and differentiation. cell populations and the effects of aging on this balance.
